电商程序猿开发实录：淘宝商品python（2）

在电商开发这条布满荆棘的路上摸爬滚打了这么多年，和淘宝商品详情 API 接口 “过招” 的经历，至今想起来都印象深刻。从被各种报错整到抓狂，到能熟练用它搭建功能，其中的辛酸与收获，今天就掏心窝子和大伙唠一唠，再附上超实用的代码干货！

刚开始对接淘宝商品详情 API，那叫一个自信满满，心想照着文档走，申请权限、调用接口，不就能轻松拿到数据？现实却立马给了我一记暴击。申请权限时，淘宝开放平台审核严格得超乎想象，营业执照、应用场景说明、数据使用规范等资料，反复修改提交了三四次，等了整整四天，才终于通过审核。好不容易拿到App Key和App Secret，签名验证又成了拦路虎。淘宝的签名算法复杂又严谨，参数顺序、编码格式稍有差错，就返回40001签名错误。那段时间，我日夜对着文档和示例代码钻研，眼睛都快瞅花了，终于写出了正确的签名生成函数：

python

运行

import hashlib
import hmac
import time
import urllib.parse


def generate_sign(params, app_secret):
    sorted_params = sorted(params.items(), key=lambda x: x[0])
    sign_str = app_secret
    for k, v in sorted_params:
        sign_str += f"{k}{v}"
    sign_str += app_secret
    return hmac.new(
        app_secret.encode(), sign_str.encode(), hashlib.sha256
    ).hexdigest().upper()

解决了签名问题，新的难关又出现了。接口调用频率限制让我头疼不已，当时为了快速采集一批商品数据，没把控好请求节奏，短时间内发送过多请求，直接被淘宝封了 IP，还收到警告邮件。没办法，只能静下心研究淘宝的限流规则，用漏桶算法写了个频率控制类，限制请求的发送：

python

运行

import time


class LeakyBucket:
    def __init__(self, capacity, rate):
        self.capacity = capacity
        self.rate = rate
        self.tokens = capacity
        self.last_update = time.time()

    def consume(self, tokens=1):
        now = time.time()
        # 补充令牌
        self.tokens = min(
            self.capacity, self.tokens + (now - self.last_update) * self.rate
        )
        self.last_update = now

        if self.tokens >= tokens:
            self.tokens -= tokens
            return True
        return False


# 使用示例
bucket = LeakyBucket(capacity=100, rate=20)  # 容量100，每秒补充20个令牌
if bucket.consume():
    # 调用API
    response = requests.get(api_url)
else:
    time.sleep(0.1)  # 等待令牌补充

python实例

{
    "item": {
        "seller": {
            "seller_id": "1991926764",
            "seller_title": "萤石官方旗舰店",
            "shop_id": "108801324",
            "shop_title": "萤石官方旗舰店",
            "shop_url": "//shop108801324.taobao.com",
            "shop_icon": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra//fa/a1/TB1jrf.bV67gK0jSZPfwu1hhFXa.png",
            "user_type": "B",
            "evaluates": [
                {
                    "score": "4.5",
                    "title": "宝贝质量"
                },
                {
                    "score": "4.7",
                    "title": "服务保障"
                },
                {
                    "score": "4.9",
                    "title": "物流速度"
                }
            ]
        },
        "item": {
            "num_iid": "680078401583",
            "title": "萤石AI人脸识别智能猫眼视频y3000无需指纹家用防盗门电子密码锁",
            "sales": "1万+",
            "detail_url": "//item.taobao.com/item.htm?id=680078401583",
            "images": [
                "https://picasso.alicdn.com/imgextra/O1CNA1gU5ZHx1zpy1sNNkWu_!!1991926764-0-psf.jpg",
                "https://gw.alicdn.com/imgextra/O1CN01dlBDxe1zpxvFHCMU3_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://gw.alicdn.com/imgextra/O1CN01Bpr20y1zpxlC4kPiZ_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://gw.alicdn.com/imgextra/O1CN01u0S5FZ1zpxl8DHhP7_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://gw.alicdn.com/imgextra/O1CN01LtDVqN1zpxlYG6VNs_!!1991926764.jpg"
            ],
            "videos": [
                {
                    "itemId": "680078401583",
                    "spatialVideoDimension": "3:4",
                    "url": "http://cloud.video.taobao.com/play/u/1991926764/p/2/e/6/t/1/403135576199.mp4?appKey=38829",
                    "videoId": "403135576199",
                    "videoThumbnailURL": "https://picasso.alicdn.com/imgextra/O1CNA1gU5ZHx1zpy1sNNkWu_!!1991926764-0-psf.jpg"
                }
            ],
            "desc_imgs": [
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/1991926764/O1CN01qBjMHQ1zpy1PVQ4h3_!!1991926764.png",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/1991926764/O1CN01kJMnaC1zpy1lp4azl_!!1991926764.png",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/1991926764/O1CN01NS1tDu1zpxlVi3F9E_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/1991926764/O1CN01gSwxIt1zpxzGa4PQG_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/1991926764/O1CN01Meby0a1zpy1nzk0Bc_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/1991926764/O1CN01ycgAMZ1zpxyRZGiSY_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/1991926764/O1CN01NkoSvN1zpy1VyEjkN_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/1991926764/O1CN014hrRmK1zpxurSKDpw_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/1991926764/O1CN01Fd9pkm1zpxunO1gRj_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/1991926764/O1CN01qy15SD1zpxloGOKfl_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/1991926764/O1CN01owRGP81zpxlzfIBJP_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/1991926764/O1CN01wV8qSX1zpxlqVM1jW_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/1991926764/O1CN013fo39c1zpxlslaww0_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/1991926764/O1CN01zBsplA1zpxlwoZN6f_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/1991926764/O1CN018NJ7Px1zpxlhG3iXS_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/1991926764/O1CN018oI4951zpxppfuTw2_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/1991926764/O1CN01D6Ztqo1zpxlnUi8Jg_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/1991926764/O1CN01Ru69gC1zpxlvh5ktF_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/1991926764/O1CN01hpQhIe1zpxlqcgfE6_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/1991926764/O1CN01dwLQRX1zpxwdhvLhK_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/1991926764/O1CN01Cryg9b1zpxoRHOgLT_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/1991926764/O1CN01e9yQ9L1zpxlhG5vod_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/1991926764/O1CN01oXh9v21zpxlnUhriz_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/1991926764/O1CN01mZPChI1zpxvM3gX4i_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/1991926764/O1CN01EL44Dx1zpxlxaSzqt_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/1991926764/O1CN01sHke121zpxlzfGuL2_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/1991926764/O1CN01wZj1TZ1zpxlxaUbdS_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/1991926764/O1CN01rqhraG1zpxlypji2Q_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/1991926764/O1CN01srU1zt1zpxlxaSvhD_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/1991926764/O1CN01q1HwTG1zpxlslcDwT_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/1991926764/O1CN010rLEHQ1zpxlnUkPhP_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/1991926764/O1CN01EaKDeO1zpxlzfH2ea_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/1991926764/O1CN01AMWt651zpxlnUjH2d_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/1991926764/O1CN01lOOmAH1zpxloGPTN0_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/1991926764/O1CN01gf29eF1zpxq0F8IFH_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/1991926764/O1CN01YKtFPI1zpxlvh3LGa_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/1991926764/O1CN01i8Swdg1zpxvh1NV2v_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/1991926764/O1CN01Gc4iZ31zpxlwoZAfV_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/1991926764/O1CN01s9RtRc1zpxw4Dk5ml_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/1991926764/O1CN01KCbiov1zpxr9yudOL_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/1991926764/O1CN01412DQH1zpxxNFldSn_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/1991926764/O1CN01CnGwgW1zpxy8HjCdr_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/1991926764/O1CN01vAYzWB1zpxyCHXkiI_!!1991926764.jpg",
                "https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/1991926764/O1CN01ONf91C1zpy1nzkTIR_!!1991926764.jpg"
            ]
        },
        "skuBase": {
            "1627207": {
                "pid": "1627207",
                "name": "饰面颜色",
                "values": [
                    {
                        "vid": "30598787885",
                        "name": "Y3000F极致灰【3D人脸 不带视频】",
                        "image": "http://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/1991926764/O1CN01AUty1d1zpxufZY57f_!!1991926764.jpg"
                    },
                    {
                        "vid": "30598787886",
                        "name": "Y3000FV极致灰【3D人脸+远程视频对讲】",
                        "image": "http://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/1991926764/O1CN01QWG9bn1zpxuiecyOZ_!!1991926764.jpg"
                    },
                    {
                        "vid": "30598787887",
                        "name": "Y3000FV晶石紫【3D人脸+远程视频对讲】",
                        "image": "http://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/1991926764/O1CN01Ot95XQ1zpxug3kw5y_!!1991926764.jpg"
                    },
                    {
                        "vid": "30598841824",
                        "name": "Y3000FVS静谧黑【3D人脸+远程视频对讲+可视大屏+儿童出门检测】",
                        "image": "http://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/1991926764/O1CN01aan3rC1zpxun4cooO_!!1991926764.jpg"
                    }
                ]
            }
        },
        "skuCore": {
            "sku2info": [
                {
                    "skuId": "5442252479410",
                    "price": "2199.00",
                    "promotion_price": "1699.00",
                    "activity_price": "1199.00",
                    "propPath": "1627207:30598787885",
                    "propName": "1627207:30598787885:饰面颜色:Y3000F极致灰【3D人脸 不带视频】",
                    "quantity": 200
                },
                {
                    "skuId": "5442252479408",
                    "price": "2999.00",
                    "promotion_price": "1999.00",
                    "activity_price": "1499.00",
                    "propPath": "1627207:30598787886",
                    "propName": "1627207:30598787886:饰面颜色:Y3000FV极致灰【3D人脸+远程视频对讲】",
                    "quantity": 200
                },
                {
                    "skuId": "5686996374626",
                    "price": "2999.00",
                    "promotion_price": "1999.00",
                    "activity_price": "1499.00",
                    "propPath": "1627207:30598787887",
                    "propName": "1627207:30598787887:饰面颜色:Y3000FV晶石紫【3D人脸+远程视频对讲】",
                    "quantity": 94
                },
                {
                    "skuId": "5442252479411",
                    "price": "3999.00",
                    "promotion_price": "2199.00",
                    "activity_price": "1699.00",
                    "propPath": "1627207:30598841824",
                    "propName": "1627207:30598841824:饰面颜色:Y3000FVS静谧黑【3D人脸+远程视频对讲+可视大屏+儿童出门检测】",
                    "quantity": 200
                }
            ]
        },
        "price": {
            "price": {
                "hiddenPrice": "false",
                "priceColor": "#FF4F00",
                "priceColorNew": "#FFFFFF",
                "priceDesc": "起",
                "priceMoney": "169900",
                "priceText": "1699",
                "priceTitle": "百亿补贴",
                "priceTitleColor": "#FF4F00",
                "priceUnit": "￥"
            },
            "extraPrice": {
                "hiddenPrice": "false",
                "priceBgColor": "#FF5000",
                "priceColor": "#FFFFFF",
                "priceColorNew": "#FFFFFF",
                "priceDesc": "起",
                "priceMoney": "119900",
                "priceText": "1199",
                "priceTitle": "折后",
                "priceTitleColor": "#FFFFFF",
                "priceUnit": "￥"
            }
        },
        "props": [
            {
                "name": "品牌",
                "value": "EZVIZ/萤石"
            },
            {
                "name": "型号",
                "value": "Y3000FV人脸视频锁"
            },
            {
                "name": "产地",
                "value": "中国大陆"
            },
            {
                "name": "省份",
                "value": "浙江省"
            },
            {
                "name": "地市",
                "value": "杭州市"
            },
            {
                "name": "面板及执手材质",
                "value": "铝合金"
            },
            {
                "name": "智能类型",
                "value": "其他智能"
            },
            {
                "name": "电源类型",
                "value": "直流电"
            },
            {
                "name": "数据存储类型",
                "value": "在线"
            },
            {
                "name": "电子类型",
                "value": "密码锁 人脸锁"
            },
            {
                "name": "屏幕数量",
                "value": "单屏"
            },
            {
                "name": "饰面颜色",
                "value": "Y3000F极致灰【3D人脸 不带视频】 Y3000FV极致灰【3D人脸+远程视频对讲】 Y3000FV晶石紫【3D人脸+远程视频对讲】 Y3000FVS静谧黑【3D人脸+远程视频对讲+可视大屏+儿童出门检测】"
            }
        ],
        "extensionInfo": [
            {
                "items": [
                    {
                        "text": [
                            "购买得积分"
                        ]
                    }
                ],
                "title": "优惠",
                "type": "DAILY_COUPON"
            }
        ],
        "delivery": {
            "addressId": "11996539000",
            "agingDesc": "预计5小时内发货｜承诺48小时内发货",
            "agingDescColor": "#00A67C",
            "areaId": "130435102",
            "deliverToCity": "邯郸市",
            "deliveryFromAddr": "浙江杭州",
            "deliveryToAddr": "邯郸市 曲周县 侯村镇",
            "deliveryToDistrict": "曲周县",
            "freight": "快递: 免运费"

数据到手后，才发现更大的挑战在等着我。淘宝商品详情数据格式极为复杂，商品基础信息、规格参数、价格体系、库存状态、商家资质等内容层层嵌套，不同类目商品的数据结构还存在差异。比如服装类目会有尺码、面料等信息，电子产品则有型号、配置参数等。为了准确提取关键数据，我写了个通用的数据解析函数，还加了容错处理：

python

运行

def parse_product_data(raw_data):
    try:
        return {
            "product_title": raw_data.get("item", {}).get("title", ""),
            "current_price": float(raw_data.get("item", {}).get("price", 0)),
            "original_price": float(raw_data.get("item", {}).get("originalPrice", 0)),
            "stock": int(raw_data.get("item", {}).get("quantity", 0)),
            "category": raw_data.get("item", {}).get("categoryName", "")
        }
    except KeyError as e:
        print(f"字段缺失: {e}")
        return {}


# 示例调用
raw_response = {...}  # API返回数据
parsed_data = parse_product_data(raw_response)

有一回，给客户开发一个商品监控系统，需要实时获取商品价格和库存变动。起初我采用定时轮询的方式调用 API，不仅效率低，还浪费资源。后来发现可以利用淘宝的消息订阅功能，当商品信息更新时，淘宝主动推送消息，大大提高了实时性和效率。不过接入消息订阅也没那么容易，要处理消息签名验证、消息解密、重复消息过滤等问题，经过一番折腾，终于实现了稳定接入：

python

运行

import base64
import hashlib
import hmac
from flask import Flask, request, abort

app = Flask(__name__)
SUBSCRIPTION_SECRET = "your_subscription_secret"


@app.route('/message/subscribe', methods=['POST'])
def handle_subscribe_message():
    sign = request.headers.get('X-Taobao-Signature')
    if not sign:
        abort(401)

    data = request.data
    local_sign = hmac.new(
        SUBSCRIPTION_SECRET.encode('utf-8'),
        data,
        hashlib.sha256
    ).hexdigest()

    if sign != local_sign:
        abort(401)

    # 解密消息体（如果有加密）
    encrypted_data = request.json.get('encrypted_data', '')
    decrypted_data = decrypt_message(encrypted_data)  # 自行实现解密函数

    # 处理商品更新数据
    handle_product_update(decrypted_data)

    return "OK", 200


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(debug=True)

这些年在淘宝商品详情 API 接口开发上，每踩一个坑，就积累一份经验；每解决一个难题，技术能力就得到一次提升。